On April 2, 2025, President Trump announced that the United States would impose additional import duties: a general surcharge of 10 % on all imported goods and an extra 20 % specifically on products from the EU. Shortly thereafter, he postponed this extra 20 % duty for 90 days and lowered the rate during that pause to 10 % for European goods. For European exporters, this means that from July 9, 2025, American buyers will have to pass on these additional costs for their purchases—potentially leading to declining export volumes and shifting competitive dynamics.
What are American import tariffs?
Import duties—also called customs or import tariffs—are taxes imposed by a country on goods brought in from abroad. They protect domestic industry by raising the price of imported products, making locally produced goods more competitive. Historically, the U.S. has used such tariffs before—for example, in 2018 imposing 25 % on steel and 10 % on aluminum under Trump, which prompted retaliatory measures from Canada, the EU, and China. According to the U.S. administration, the renewed broad 10 % surcharge on almost all imports could generate about $50 billion in additional annual revenue to support domestic manufacturing.
What changes in July 2025?
- General 10 % Surcharge: As of April 2, a baseline 10 % tariff applies to nearly all imports.
- Extra 20 % on EU Goods: Originally meant to take effect immediately, this was deferred until July 9, 2025. From that date, an additional 10 % surcharge will be applied on top of existing rates (rather than the initially announced 20 %), as a goodwill gesture during negotiations.
- Grace Period: The 90 day deferral gives EU negotiators time to seek an agreement with the U.S. During this period, the old rates remain in force, offering temporary certainty to exporters.
European Union’s response
On April 9, 2025, the EU announced 25 % counter duties on thousands of American products—totaling €21 billion—phased in over three stages:
- April 15: Introduction of duties on 14 product categories, including agricultural machinery and chemicals.
- May 16: Additional levies on consumer goods such as clothing and motorcycles.
- December 1: Final phase targeting heavy machinery and fruit juices.
Simultaneously, the European Commission decided to suspend implementation of these counter measures for up to 90 days to allow room for talks. EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis stressed that the EU remains open to dialogue but will not hesitate to impose proportional measures if no progress is made.
Impact on European businesses
Customer Relationships in the U.S.: American importers face higher procurement costs due to the extra surcharges. Many will pass these costs on in their selling prices, forcing European suppliers to cut margins or renegotiate terms. Sectors likely to be hit hardest include consumer goods, agricultural products (e.g. wine, nuts) and machinery.
Effects on the Dutch Economy: A CBS analysis suggests Dutch exporters could lose up to €2 billion in additional revenue if Americans reduce their imports from the EU. Logistics providers—including the Port of Rotterdam and freight hubs in Limburg—may also see declines in throughput.
Supply Chain & Transport: New customs rules bring extra administrative burdens and potentially longer turnaround times at ports. Companies are advised to review their supply chain risk management and explore alternative routes and carriers.
July 2025’s U.S. import duties present tangible challenges for European exporters—especially around price competition and logistical complexity. By taking proactive steps such as diversifying markets, crafting intelligent contracts, and digitizing processes, entrepreneurs can mitigate the impact and uncover new growth opportunities.
